This session will highlight how single-cell sequencing technologies are transforming our ability to identify novel therapeutic targets, optimize engineered cell lines, and accelerate the drug discovery pipeline. By dissecting cellular heterogeneity at unprecedented resolution, these approaches are revealing intricate gene-expression patterns and pathway dynamics that guide the design of synthetic biological systems with greater precision. From refining the selection of promising drug candidates to informing the rational engineering of cell-based models, the discussion will explore how single-cell insights are redefining the frontiers of synthetic biology and unlocking new opportunities for innovative drug discovery.