This session explores the powerful alliance of space and defense organizations driving the future of off-world biotechnology. Participants will delve into cutting-edge research designed to support life on the Moon and Mars, from resource-efficient manufacturing and regenerative life-support systems to the development of resilient biological tools for extreme environments. By addressing the technical and logistical challenges of long-term space habitation, this discussion highlights how breakthroughs in synthetic biology, high-risk research programs, and cross-agency collaboration can redefine our interplanetary ambitions and accelerate humanity’s progress beyond Earth.